(1)研究设计
(2)研究对象的特性
(3)干预或处理方法
(4)测定或观察方法
一、 研究对象的选择、来源及标准
1.纳入研究：were entered into/enrolled in/selected (randomly)
举例：A total of 169 patients were included in the study, 83 of whom received……
2.排除或退出研究：were excluded from participation，withdrew from the study due to/because to
举例：……Patients with significant aortic valvular diseases were excluded.
二、 研究对象的分组
1.……were divided into/classified/grouped into
2.……were divided randomly/randomized into
3.…… were divided equally into
举例：Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1…… Patients (n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result were randomized into 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole, ……
三、 年龄
1.某一年龄
举例：A 50-year-old patient. Patients (age 26±3 years).
2.在某年龄范围内及平均年龄
举例：Patients range in age from …to…, with a mean of (50 years).
3.在某一年龄以上或以下
举例：Patients more than 50 years. Patients under/less than 50 years.
四、 性别、时间
1.性别
twelve patients (7 male and 5 female )
The male-to-female ratio was 1:4
2.时间
Body weight was measured weekly, and liver biopsy was obtained at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. ……
五、 诊断与治疗
1.诊断
be diagnosed as having …
be diagnosed as …by …/with …?be suspected as …
2.治疗
be treated with…(alone or in combination with …)
be treated on outpatient/inpatient basis
举例：
(1)Patients (n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result were randomized into 4groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole,…
(2)50 patients with active bleeding duodenal ulcer were randomly assigned to receive one of the four treatment regimens. …
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